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Shear assessment of compression flanges of structural concrete T-beams

Bj?rn SCHüTTE,Viktor SIGRIST

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 354-361 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0082-z

摘要： In T-beams the force transfer from the web into the flange has to be studied. The general design procedure is based on a strut-and-tie (or a stress field) model which comprises spreading compressive and transverse tensile forces. As is known, strut-and-tie models represent the force flow within a structural member at ultimate. This procedure is sufficient for design purposes and in general, leads to safe results. For the assessment of a structure it may be worthwhile to improve the accuracy. For this purpose both web and flange have to be looked at more in detail. An advanced method for the analysis of webs in shear is the Generalized Stress Field Approach [ ]. This approach can be utilized for treating flanges, where the classical assumptions have to be adapted; in particular by considering the strain dependence of the concrete compressive strength and thus, defining a representative strain value. In the present contribution background and details of these aspects are given, and the corresponding calculation procedure is described. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data and show a reasonably good agreement. However, as the number of sufficiently documented tests is very limited no concluding findings are attained.

关键词： concrete structures     structural assessment     stress field analysis     shear    

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Recent development in low-constraint fracture toughness testing for structural integrity assessment of

Jidong KANG, James A. GIANETTO, William R. TYSON

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第13卷 第4期   页码 546-553 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0501-2

摘要：

Fracture toughness measurement is an integral part of structural integrity assessment of pipelines. Traditionally, a single-edge-notched bend (SE(B)) specimen with a deep crack is recommended in many existing pipeline structural integrity assessment procedures. Such a test provides high constraint and therefore conservative fracture toughness results. However, for girth welds in service, defects are usually subjected to primarily tensile loading where the constraint is usually much lower than in the three-point bend case. Moreover, there is increasing use of strain-based design of pipelines that allows applied strains above yield. Low-constraint toughness tests represent more realistic loading conditions for girth weld defects, and the corresponding increased toughness can minimize unnecessary conservatism in assessments. In this review, we present recent developments in low-constraint fracture toughness testing, specifically using single-edge-notched tension specimens, SENT or SE(T). We focus our review on the test procedure development and automation, round-robin test results and some common concerns such as the effect of crack tip, crack size monitoring techniques, and testing at low temperatures. Examples are also given of the integration of fracture toughness data from SE(T) tests into structural integrity assessment.

关键词： fracture toughness     constraint effect     single-edge-notched tension test     pipeline     structural integrity assessment    

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Structural pavement assessment in Germany

Lutz PINKOFSKY, Dirk JANSEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 183-191 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0412-z

摘要： The aging structure as well as the considerable increase of heavy-traffic load on Germany’s motorways and trunk roads encourages the use of innovative, sound and reliable methods for the structural assessment on network level as well as on project level. Essential elements for this are data, which allow a reliable assessment. For a holistic approach to structural pavement assessment performance orientated measurements will be necessary. In combination with functional parameters as well as write-down models, strategically motivated decision making processes will be useful combined with technically motivated decision processes. For the application at the network level, the available methods for performance orientated measurements are still challenging, as they are based either on testing drill-cores or on non-traffic speed methods. In recent years significant innovation steps have been made to bring traffic speed bearing capacity measurements and methods for evaluating pavement structures on the road. The paper summarizes the actual assessment procedures in Germany as well as the ongoing work on the development and implementation of new methods and techniques.

关键词： pavement assessment     Germany     structure     system    

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Proposal of a probabilistic assessment of structural collapse concomitantly subject to earthquake and

Gholamreza ABDOLLAHZADEH, Hadi FAGHIHMALEKI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 425-437 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0427-5

摘要：

In recent decades, many public buildings, located in seismic-prone residential areas, had to grapple with abnormal loads against which the structures were unguarded. In this piece of research, an ordinary three dimensional reinforced concrete building is selected as case study. The building is located in an earthquake-prone region; however, it is designed according to seismic building codes. Yet, it is not shielded against abnormal loads, such as blasts. It is assumed that the building suffers a blast load, due to mechanical/thermal installation failure during or after intense seismic oscillations. These two critical incidents are regarded codependent and compatible. So the researchers developed scenarios and tried to assess different probabilities for each scenario and carried out an analysis to ensure if progressive collapse had set in or not. In the first step, two analysis models were used for each scenario; a non-linear dynamic time history analysis and a blast local dynamic analysis. In the second step, having the structural destructions of the first step in view, a pushdown analysis was carried out to determine the severity of progressive collapse and assess building robustness. Finally, the annual probability of structural collapse under simultaneous earthquake and blast loads was estimated and offered.

关键词： gas blast     pushdown analysis     progressive collapse     annual probability of structural collapse     3D model of structure    

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Modeling considerations in seismic assessment of RC bridges using state-of-practice structural analysis

Ricardo MONTEIRO, Miguel ARAÚJO, Raimundo DELGADO, Mário MARQUES

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 109-124 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0389-7

摘要： The increasing awareness of the general society toward the seismic safety of structures has led to more restrictive performance requirements hence, many times, to the need of using new and more accurate methods of analysis of structures. Among these, nonlinear static procedures are becoming, evermore, the preferred choice of the majority of design codes, as an alternative to complete nonlinear time-history analysis for seismic design and assessment of structures. The many available software tools should therefore be evaluated and well understood, in order to be easily and soundly employed by the practitioners. The study presented herein intends to contribute to this need by providing further insight with respect to the use of commonly employed structural analysis software tools in nonlinear analysis of bridge structures. A comparison between different nonlinear modeling assumptions is presented, together with the comparison with real experimental results. Furthermore, alternative adaptive pushover procedures are proposed and applied to a case study bridge, based on a generic plastic hinge model. The adopted structural analysis program proved to be accurate, yielding reliable estimates, both in terms of local plastic hinge behavior and global structural behavior.

关键词： nonlinear analysis     pushover     RC bridges     structural modelling software    

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Fragility assessment of wood sheathing panels and roof-to-wall connections subjected to wind loading

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 867-876 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0745-5

摘要： The performance of the wood-frame buildings after tornadoes has shown that the majority of the wind damage resulted from building envelope failure most typically due to the loss of the roof. To assess the performance and the reliability of low-rise wood-frame residential buildings with a focus on the roofs, fragility analysis can be used to estimate the probability of failure of a roof when constructed with specified nails and sheathing sizes. Thus, this paper examines the fragility of specific types of nails, roof-to-wall (RW) connection details, and sheathing sizes based on the damaged roofs that were previously assessed in the Dunrobin area in Ottawa (Ontario) that was hit with an Enhanced Fujita (EF3) tornado on September 21, 2018. The presented fragility analysis considers four scenarios, including different sheathing and nail sizes. Dead loads, wind loads, and resistance on the sheathing panels were compiled and analyzed to determine the failure of the examined roofs. The eight fragility models suggest that the safest roof sheathing (RS) is the 1.22 m × 1.22 m sheathing panel with 8 d nails, and the safest RW connections is achieved by using H2.5 hurricane clips.

关键词： tornadoes     wind loads     low-rise buildings     fragility analysis     risk assessment     structural failures    

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Performance assessment of innovative seismic resilient steel knee braced frame

Tony T. Y. YANG,Yuanjie LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 291-302 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0340-3

摘要： Buckling restrained knee braced truss moment frame (BRKBTMF) is a novel and innovative steel structural system that utilizes the advantages of long-span trusses and dedicated structural fuses for seismic applications. Steel trusses are very economical and effective in spanning large distance. However, conventional steel trusses are typically not suitable for seismic application, due to its lack of ductility and poor energy dissipation capacity. BRKBTMF utilizes buckling restrained braces (BRBs) as the designated structural fuses to dissipate the sudden surge of earthquake energy. This allows the BRKBTMF to economically and efficiently create large span structural systems for seismic applications. In this paper, a prototype BRKBTMF office building located in Berkeley, California, USA, was designed using performance-based plastic design procedure. The seismic performance of the prototype building was assessed using the state-of-the-art finite element software, OpenSees. Detailed BRB hysteresis and advanced element removal technique was implemented. The modeling approach allows the simulation for the force-deformation response of the BRB and the force redistribution within the system after the BRBs fracture. The developed finite element model was analyzed using incremental dynamic analysis approach to quantify the seismic performance of BRKBTMF. The results show BRKBTMF has excellent seismic performance with well controlled structural responses and resistance against collapse. In addition, life cycle repair cost of BRKBTMF was assessed using the next-generation performance-based earthquake engineering framework. The results confirm that BRKBTMF can effectively control the structural and non-structural component damages and minimize the repair costs of the structure under different ranges of earthquake shaking intensities. This studies conclude that BRKBTMF is a viable and effective seismic force resisting system.

关键词： buckling restrained brace     innovative structural system     collapse simulation     seismic assessment    

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Assessment of an alternative to deep foundations in compressible clays: the structural cell foundation

Sergio A. MARTÍNEZ-GALVÁN, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 67-80 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0399-5

摘要： The new type of deep foundation for buildings on saturated, compressible-low strength clayey soil deposits, branded structural cell essentially consists of a rigid concrete top slab, structurally connected to reinforced concrete peripheral walls (diaphragms) that enclose the natural soil. Accordingly, as the initial volume of the confined soft clays within the lateral stiff diaphragms will remain constant upon loading, the hollowed structural cell will be “transformed” into a very large cross-section pillar of unit weight slightly higher than that of the natural soft clayey soil. This type of foundation seems to be a highly competitive alternative to the friction pile-box foundations (widely used in Mexico City clays), due to its economic and environmental advantages. Economies result, for example, from the absence of huge excavations hence sparing the need of earth retaining structures. Further savings result from appreciably smaller concrete volumes required for building the structural cell than the friction pile-box foundation; moreover, the construction time of the former is much shorter than that of the latter. Regarding the impact to the environment, less air contamination follows from the fact that both traffic jams and soil excavation lessen appreciably. Considering these facts and others regarding scheduling, it was decided to replace 48-friction pile-box foundations specified in the master plan project by this new type of foundation. The overall behavior of these cell foundations over a five-year period is fared from close visual observations and their leveling during the first three years after their construction.

关键词： deep foundations     bearing capacity     resistant moment     structural cell     3D numerical modeling    

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Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and conditionassessment

Ayaho MIYAMOTO, Risto KIVILUOMA, Akito YABE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 569-604 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0498-y

摘要： It is becoming an important social problem to make maintenance and rehabilitation of existing short and medium span(10-20 m) bridges because there are a huge amount of short and medium span bridges in service in the world. The kernel of such bridge management is to develop a method of safety(condition) assessment on items which include remaining life and load carrying capacity. Bridge health monitoring using information technology and sensors is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance than traditional strategies. The aim of this paper is to introduce a state-of-the-art on not only a rational bridge health monitoring system incorporating with the information and communication technologies for lifetime management of existing short and medium span bridges but also a continuous data collecting system designed for bridge health monitoring of mainly short and medium span bridges. In this paper, although there are some useful monitoring methods for short and medium span bridges based on the qualitative or quantitative information, mainly two advanced structural health monitoring systems are described to review and analyse the potential of utilizing the long term health monitoring in safety assessment and management issues for short and medium span bridge. The first is a special designed mobile loading device(vehicle) for short and medium span road bridges to assess the structural safety(performance) and derive optimal strategies for maintenance using reliability based method. The second is a long term health monitoring method by using the public buses as part of a public transit system (called bus monitoring system) to be applied mainly to short and medium span bridges, along with safety indices, namely, “characteristic deflection” which is relatively free from the influence of dynamic disturbances due to such factors as the roughness of the road surface, and a structural anomaly parameter.

关键词： condition assessment     short & medium span bridge     structural health monitoring(SHM)     long-term data collection     system     maintenance     bridge performance     information technology     loading vehicle(public bus)     in-situ loading    

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Assessment of robustness of structures: Current state of research

Colin BRETT, Yong LU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 356-368 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0220-z

摘要： The concept of structural robustness and relevant design guidelines have been in existence in the progressive collapse literature since the 1970s following the partial collapse of the Ronan Point apartment building; however, in the more general context, research on the evaluation and enhancement of structural robustness is still relatively limited. This paper is aimed to provide a general overview of the current state of research concerning structural robustness. The focus is placed on the quantification and the associated evaluation methodologies, rather than specific measures to ensure prescriptive robustness requirements. Some associated concepts, such as redundancy and vulnerability, will be discussed and interpreted in the general context of robustness such that the corresponding methodologies can be compared quantitatively using a comparable scale. A framework methodology proposed by the authors is also introduced in line with the discussion of the literature.

关键词： structural robustness     abnormal exposure     vulnerability     collapse     consequence    

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Structural performance assessment of GFRP elastic gridshells by machine learning interpretability methods

Soheila KOOKALANI; Bin CHENG; Jose Luis Chavez TORRES

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期   页码 1249-1266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0858-5

摘要： The prediction of structural performance plays a significant role in damage assessment of glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) elastic gridshell structures. Machine learning (ML) approaches are implemented in this study, to predict maximum stress and displacement of GFRP elastic gridshell structures. Several ML algorithms, including linear regression (LR), ridge regression (RR), support vector regression (SVR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), category boosting (CatBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), are implemented in this study. Output features of structural performance considered in this study are the maximum stress as f1(x) and the maximum displacement to self-weight ratio as f2(x). A comparative study is conducted and the Catboost model presents the highest prediction accuracy. Finally, interpretable ML approaches, including shapely additive explanations (SHAP), partial dependence plot (PDP), and accumulated local effects (ALE), are applied to explain the predictions. SHAP is employed to describe the importance of each variable to structural performance both locally and globally. The results of sensitivity analysis (SA), feature importance of the CatBoost model and SHAP approach indicate the same parameters as the most significant variables for f1(x) and f2(x).

关键词： machine learning     gridshell structure     regression     sensitivity analysis     interpretability methods    

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Experimental study of structural damage identification based on modal parameters and decay ratio of acceleration

Zhigen WU, Guohua LIU, Zihua ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 112-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0069-3

摘要： A novel damage assessment method based on the decay ratio of acceleration signals (DRAS) was proposed. Two experimental tests were used to show the efficiency. Three beams were gradually damaged, and then the changes of dynamic parameters were monitored from initial to failure state. In addition, a new method was compared with the linear modal-based damage assessment using wavelet transform (WT). The results clearly show that DRAS increases in linear elasticity state and microcrack propagation state, while DRAS decreases in macrocrack propagation state. Preliminary analysis was developed considering the beat phenomenon in the nonlinear state to explain the turn point of DRAS. With better sensibility of damage than modal parameters, probably DRAS is a promising damage indicator in damage assessment.

关键词： damage assessment     decay ratio of acceleration signals (DRAS)     wavelet transform (WT)     modal analysis     reinforced concrete beam     beat phenomenon    

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日本桥梁和建筑结构监测的研究与实施综述 Review

Yozo Fujino, Dionysius M. Siringoringo, Yoshiki Ikeda, Tomonori Nagayama, Tsukasa Mizutani

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第6期   页码 1093-1119 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.006

摘要：

本文对日本建筑结构监测技术的发展进行了综述，重点介绍了监测系统的类型、策略和开发利用。本文主要对基于振动技术的桥梁和建筑结构进行了介绍。日本的建筑结构监测系统历来都是以评估建筑结构对极端事件的响应程度为目标的。在建筑结构监测技术的开发中，监测系统和所收集到的数据被用来验证设计假设、更新技术参数并优化振动控制系统的性能。本文对大跨度桥梁和高层建筑的设计验证、建筑物和桥梁的隔震系统性能、建筑结构改造和加固验证、结构控制系统验证（被动式、半主动式和主动式）、结构评估和损伤检测进行了研究。近年来，监测系统的应用范围被逐步扩大，监测数据的充分利用使得风险和资产管理趋于合理化，从而进一步提升了监测系统的高效运作和有效维护。本文还从对日本桥梁和建筑结构监测案例研究中总结了一些经验教训和反馈意见。

关键词： 建筑结构监测     大跨度桥梁     高层建筑     地震监测     风振响应     路面及桥面板监测     建筑结构控制监测     建筑结构评估    

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舟山连岛工程西堠门金塘大桥运营监测系统预警评估体系研究

郑春,吴重男,张新越,沈旺,梁柱,马骎

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第7期   页码 84-89

摘要：

随着大跨径桥梁运营监测系统的不断发展，有效地利用监测数据对大桥的运营状态进行预警和评估分析，已成为世界各国桥梁工程界研究的热点问题之一。在已有研究成果的基础上，依托舟山连岛工程西堠门金塘大桥运营期监测系统，构建了全面的结构预警和评估体系，将前沿理论与实际需求相结合，力求为养护管理决策提供科学依据。

关键词： 大跨桥梁     评估体系     结构预警    

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Assessment of bridge expansion joints using long-term displacement measurement under changing environmental

Youliang DING, Aiqun LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 374-380 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0122-x

摘要： This paper addresses the problem of condition assessment of bridge expansion joints using long-term measurement data under changing environmental conditions. The effects of temperature, traffic loading and wind on the expansion joint displacements are analyzed and interpreted, which reveal that measured displacements are observed to increase with an increase in temperature and to decrease with increased traffic loading, while the correlation between displacement and wind speed is very weak. Two regression models are developed to simulate the varying displacements under the changes in temperature and traffic loadings. Based on these models, the effects of the environmental conditions are removed to obtain the normalized displacement. Statistical process control using mean value control charts is further used to detect damage to the bridge expansion joints. The results reveal that the proposed method had a good capability for detecting the damage-induced 1.0% variances of the annual changes in the expansion joint displacements.

关键词： structural health monitoring     displacement     expansion joint     temperature effect     wind effect     traffic loading     statistical process control     suspension bridge    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Shear assessment of compression flanges of structural concrete T-beams

Bj?rn SCHüTTE,Viktor SIGRIST

期刊论文

Recent development in low-constraint fracture toughness testing for structural integrity assessment of

Jidong KANG, James A. GIANETTO, William R. TYSON

期刊论文

Structural pavement assessment in Germany

Lutz PINKOFSKY, Dirk JANSEN

期刊论文

Proposal of a probabilistic assessment of structural collapse concomitantly subject to earthquake and

Gholamreza ABDOLLAHZADEH, Hadi FAGHIHMALEKI

期刊论文

Modeling considerations in seismic assessment of RC bridges using state-of-practice structural analysis

Ricardo MONTEIRO, Miguel ARAÚJO, Raimundo DELGADO, Mário MARQUES

期刊论文

Fragility assessment of wood sheathing panels and roof-to-wall connections subjected to wind loading

期刊论文

Performance assessment of innovative seismic resilient steel knee braced frame

Tony T. Y. YANG,Yuanjie LI

期刊论文

Assessment of an alternative to deep foundations in compressible clays: the structural cell foundation

Sergio A. MARTÍNEZ-GALVÁN, Miguel P. ROMO

期刊论文

Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and conditionassessment

Ayaho MIYAMOTO, Risto KIVILUOMA, Akito YABE

期刊论文

Assessment of robustness of structures: Current state of research

Colin BRETT, Yong LU

期刊论文

Structural performance assessment of GFRP elastic gridshells by machine learning interpretability methods

Soheila KOOKALANI; Bin CHENG; Jose Luis Chavez TORRES

期刊论文

Experimental study of structural damage identification based on modal parameters and decay ratio of acceleration

Zhigen WU, Guohua LIU, Zihua ZHANG

期刊论文

日本桥梁和建筑结构监测的研究与实施综述

Yozo Fujino, Dionysius M. Siringoringo, Yoshiki Ikeda, Tomonori Nagayama, Tsukasa Mizutani

期刊论文

舟山连岛工程西堠门金塘大桥运营监测系统预警评估体系研究

郑春,吴重男,张新越,沈旺,梁柱,马骎

期刊论文

Assessment of bridge expansion joints using long-term displacement measurement under changing environmental

Youliang DING, Aiqun LI

期刊论文